Cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be cautious – beware of pneumothorax and hemothorax. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an effective first aid measure for shock patients, but special attention should be paid during implementation to prevent rib compression, which can cause hemothorax and pneumothorax.
There are five precautions for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation:
(1) Blowing twice (single person) or once (double person), chest compressions 15 times (single person) or 5 times (double person), excessive or insufficient blowing and pressing can both affect the success or failure of resuscitation.
(2) The area of chest compressions should not be too low to avoid damaging internal organs such as the liver, spleen, and stomach. The pressure should be appropriate, as excessive force can cause a fracture of the sternum, leading to pneumothorax and hemothorax. If the pressure is too light, the resulting chest pressure is too small to promote blood circulation.
(3) Mouth to mouth blowing and chest compressions should be performed simultaneously (can be performed alone or in pairs), with a ratio of 15:2 for single person rescue and 15:2 for double person rescue
(4) Mouth to mouth blowing should not be too large (should not exceed 1200 milliliters), and the blowing time should not be too long to avoid acute gastric dilation. During the blowing process, attention should be paid to observing whether the patient’s airway is unobstructed and whether the chest cavity is blown up.
(5) The success and termination of recovery. After undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the patient’s pupils decrease from large to small, and their response to symptoms recovers. The brain tissue function begins to recover (such as struggling, increased muscle tone, swallowing movements, etc.), the patient is able to breathe autonomously, the heart rate recovers, and cyanosis subsides, indicating successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. If the above signs of resuscitation do not occur after about 30 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation rescue, it indicates that the resuscitation has failed.
If there is a pulse, the systolic blood pressure remains above 60mmHz, and the pupil is in a contracted state, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should continue. If the patient lacks deep consciousness, autonomous breathing, and dilated and fixed pupils, it indicates brain death. After one hour of continuous cardiopulmonary resuscitation, if the electrocardiogram activity does not recover, it indicates cardiac death. When the patient develops necrotic plaques, cardiopulmonary resuscitation can be abandoned for rescue.
